Decesion Election 2020 Education Poverty Work Socialism Elections Government

#4. Test Scores and Teacher Accountability
Are Over-Emphasised Goal.

Louis Brandeis thought of the states as Laboratories of Democracies.
This is a good idea that should be applied to education and many areas of citizen concern.
It is necessary as we continue the slow process of to redesigning America.

Editor: Switching to a block grant allotment of funds is a good idea.
Give x dollars for an existing underfunded y state program with no guidelines.
Just someone keeping an eye that it goes for y and not football.

This should replace the WW 2 approach to expert driven complicated large programs
that can not be managed. Inspired by Storm Before the Calm.

Federal Block Grants Could Help Solve

American schools are facing a growing shortage of teachers

Question Does grade inflation and everyone graduates
cause Stupid People Think They're Smart-The Dunning Kruger Effect?

Post Secondary Recommendations

Prelude:

Lawrence Summers, The Future of Work (2015)

1. Treat Student Loans as an Investments

Student loans have long been treated as an entitlement.
Banks had no authority to turn down eligible applicants.
Rising tuition: up 166%, compared to 52% for overall consumer prices.
Increased enrollment: Peaked at about 21 million in 2011, up 20% from 2005.
Recession: Opportunity cost of college drops and recession wiped out wealth.
Between Congress raised the college and graduate students borrowing caps.
Payments Plans are bases on income and because required payments exclude interest balances often increase.

10% are 30 days or more past due
20% are in a deferment or forbearance plan
30% are in income-based repayment plan
limiting payments at 10% of discretionary income and discharge the remaining balance after 20 years or 10 for folks in �public service.� Source

See 7 ways $1.6 trillion in student loan debt affects the U.S. economy
The Long Road to the Student Debt Crisis

2. Loan Forgiveness Alternatives

Summary of Forgiveness Isn�t Divine When It Comes to

Student Debt
by Beth Akers a WSJ Opinion Commentary 12/16/19

Democrats want a generous taxpayer-funded fix for the high student debt problem. President Trump is interested in developing a competing plan.

High earners bear an outsize share of student debt, but
delinquency/defaults are most frequent for debtor of less than $5,000.

1. Give every student borrower a $5,000 refundable tax credit.
Low debt strugglers would really be helped and payment periods or amounts would decrease for others.

2. Add to the current payment reduction provisions
when income is low.

3. Replace the Pell Grant program with a savings account.
Students could choose when and how to spend the funds implies all funds awarded at once. This would allow them to cover most or all of Year 1 and walk away debt-free if they don�t continue. This would likely increase federal spending, but it would lower the taxpayer cost of repayment plans.
Awards should still be annual. Would you give your 18 year-old a checkbook with a balance equal to four years of spending money?

4. Simplification of the repayment process.
Beth's reason of forms being too complicated for applicants make me a little nervous. Students who can't fill out the forms should consider community college while living at home.

5. Combine repayment of multiple loans into a single loan
with repayment by withholding a percentage of income.

Ms. Akers is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and author of
�Game of Loans: The Rhetoric and Reality of Student Debt.�.

3. Base Graduate School Loans
on ROI/Merit

Consider Making Future Loans Cost Effective
by limiting federal college educations student funds
to first time college student with forgiveness based on success.

4. College Transparency
requires completion rates, loan delinquency rates and
earnings for all major.

Too many students are ill-served by college.
Many colleges are insufficiently responsible for student outcomes.
Too many students wind up with too much debt.
Taxpayers are not confident that dollars are being invested wisely.
The higher education �market� is in the grips of dysfunction.

Source
�Mapping Out Common Ground on Accountability in Higher Education.�
by L Erickson, F Hess

Top charts of 2019 clarify economic priorities for 2020

Source �Mapping Out Common Ground on Accountability in Higher Education.� by L Erickson, F Hess

Editor: Increased Financial Aid and expected easy repayment plans
have encouraged schools to raise prices and enroll students in low demand majors.
A NYU master�s in dance shoulders on average $96,000 in debt, according to government data.

Editorials

I stopped reading
The Bell Curve-Intelligence/Class Structure in American
when Murray recommended more funds for our
best, brightest, and most ambitious.
I figured they could take care of themselves.
But the world changed.
Ten years later, I expanded the scope
of the Charles Murray cohort beyond our academically gifted
to those with Special Intelligence of any kind
who are seeking improvement.
NY should expand their reach to all their gifted programs.

See
Is Financial Aid Welfare?

Economics of Investing in College

For a few More Academic Education, Means Work and More Income

Cost-Effective Poverty Investing

GDP Grew,

Helping the Poor Grew More
Most Increase Went for Healthcare

Both Parties Help to The Poor

Manhattan Institute Budget Chart Book 2019

Tax Credits

Have Highest Return

Work Requirements Hurting Very Poor Children

Safety Net Investments in Children Report

Quick Notes on Child Income Tax Credit

Fraud is a Problem

The Bureau of Economic Analysis published a report in 2012 that does that for 2010.

Placed side-by-side with the Census Bureau income figures that underlie its poverty stats, the differences are striking�particularly for the poorest and richest U.S. households Source

Many Still Earn Less-
Than Half the Median Income

U.S. Median Income Families Live Well

Consider Creating a Poor People Standard of Living Report from the CBO.

Question

Serious Problem #2 Fewer Young Rural Workers Work Rural Population Loss And Strategies For Recovery	92p

Composition of Average Real GDP by Sector: Metro and Nonmetro Counties

U.S. Metro

U.S. Nonmetro

Recommendation:
U.S. Needs a Rural America
Marshall Plan?

Consideration
In overworked Japan, Microsoft tested a four-day workweek. Productivity soared 40 percent.

Private Goods-Producing

17.9%

32.4%

Private Service-Providing

70.1%

51.9%

Government and
Government Owned Enterprises

11.9%

15.7%

SOURCES: Bureau of Economic Analysis and authors' calculations.

Study #1 American Enterprise Institute
Reported Minimum Wage
Caused Wage NY Loss of Jobs
1. Canary in the coal mine?
2. NYC small businesses struggle to survive $15
3. Minimum wage hike: �They�re shutting down�

Source

Bloomberg Opinion: Against Minimum Wage Increase

Here is AEI Data
Followed By A Different Study?

Study #2 Wage and Employment Grew in NY

source

NY Unemployment Rate
2009	7.6
2010	10.1
2011	8.9
2012	9.6
2013	9.0
2014	8.1
2015	6.4
2016	5.3
2017	4.8
2018	4.3
2019	4.1

New York Fed economists Jason Bram, Faith Karahan and Brenda

Editor's Note: Not the first time an economist has reported what appears to be a legitimate answer
which does not communicate truth.
See The Effects of Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage on Employment and Family Income from Congressional Budget Office

Bridgewater Associates
$15/Hour Would Help

bridgewater.com

More Support for Raising
the Minimum Wage

The Politics of Socialism
Political Basics	21st Century Party Politics 1/11/24
1. Democratic Socialism is an economic system modified by Democracy Principles with state ownership of key industries with wellbeing emphasised. It is followed in Great Britain and most of Western Europe. GB has just a bit more capitalism because of the Thatcher influence. Ronal Reagan followed. 2. Communism is an economic system modified by Totalitarian Principles with state ownership of all value and a concern for anarchy resulting in diminished individual wellbeing. China and Russia have totalitarian governments with illiberal Capitalism. Recommended U.S. Russia, China, Rivals, Adversaries, Enemies 3. Democratic Capitalism of the US has a little socialism and is a mixed economy modified by Democracy Principles with an emphasis on business/individual opportunity with measurable concerns for individual wellbeing. Government Departments report to the President, managed by Civil Service Administrators under the influence of, and often captured by, interest groups. 4. Capitalistic Democracy is a Democratic political system modified by Capitalistic Principles to be developed during the 21st Century. Government Departments are profit centers supervised by the General Accounting and Comptroller of the Currency.	source
Recommendation: Describe U.S. Capitalism as a Mixed Economy Receipt for Successful Capitalism: Take the basic Ingratiates of Capitalism, add a little socialism to negate creative destruction while properly consider the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Result: A Century Plus of Baking Success: Business Regulation by TR, Socials Security by FDR, Medicare, Medicaid, Safety Net by LBJ, Medicare Part D by GWB, with Obamacare as a Work in Process.